2011年10月31日星期一

Greek PM holds new bailout talks

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30 September 2011 Last updated at 05:59 GMT George Papandreou with Herman Van Rompuy in Warsaw. 29 Sept 2011 Mr Papandreou, left, and Mr Van Rompuy are meeting at an international summit in Warsaw Greek PM George Papandreou is to hold further talks with European leaders as negotiations continue in Athens on a new instalment of bailout loans.

He is holding talks with European Council President Herman Van Rompuy in Warsaw before travelling on to Paris to meet French President Nicolas Sarkozy.

International inspectors are in Athens deciding whether Greece should receive bailout funds of 8bn euros (£6.9bn).

The talks have triggered angry protests on the streets of the Greek capital.

The BBC's Chris Morris in Athens says Mr Papandreou is on a charm offensive, trying to convince his European colleagues that Greece can meet the demands imposed upon it by a tough austerity programme.

The unpopular reforms are vital to guarantee international loans aimed at stopping the debt-ridden country from going bankrupt.

President Sarkozy said that after his meeting with Mr Papandreou on Friday afternoon he would unveil a Franco-German strategy, but did not give any details.

Germany and France together represent about half of the 17-nation eurozone's economic output.

"It is very important that the Franco-German axis can make its voice heard about the concrete application of the decisions taken at the end of July [on a second rescue package for Greece]," Mr Sarkozy said during a visit to Morocco.

Targets missed

"After seeing the Greek prime minister... I will have an opportunity to say exactly what our strategy is for supporting countries like Greece," he added.

Since eurozone leaders agreed on a second rescue package for Greece, Athens has fallen behind on its debt reduction targets, raising fears of a Greek default.

A vote in Germany's parliament on Thursday to back a more powerful bailout fund for eurozone economies was welcomed in Athens.

Mr Sarkozy also congratulated German Chancellor Angela Merkel by telephone on Thursday, his office said, calling the vote a key step in stabilising the eurozone.

Greek taxi drivers strike in Athens. 29 Sept 2011 Greek taxi drivers have been staging a two-day strike over government reforms

Mr Papandreou held talks with Chancellor Merkel in Berlin on Tuesday.

But our correspondent says some analysts believe the whole strategy for Greece, with a possible second bailout, needs urgent readjustment.

That is partly because contagion from Greece to other eurozone countries is no longer a threat but a dangerous reality, he adds.

Greek taxi drivers held angry protests outside parliament on Thursday on the second day of their 48-hour strike.

The drivers are opposed to government reforms that would open their closed-shop profession.

Meanwhile, a second round of talks is being held in Athens between the Greek government and inspectors from the "troika" of international creditors supporting Greece - the European Commission, the European Central Bank (ECB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Many Greeks believe that austerity measures are pushing the country's crippled economy deeper into recession and strangling any chance of growth.


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Southern Cross homes transferred

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30 September 2011 Last updated at 07:57 GMT Southern Cross sign Southern Cross is to be wound up by the end of the year A third of Southern Cross care homes have been transferred to new operators, the company has announced.

Southern Cross said the transfer of 250 homes would be followed by further transfers in October and November.

Southern Cross was the UK's biggest care home operator, with 752 homes, but ran into difficulties when it was unable to pay its rent to landlords.

In July, the firm said it was to cease trading after all of its landlords said they wanted to leave the group.

The first "wave" of homes have been transferred to about 18 different operators.

Its largest landlord, NHP, which owns 249 of the homes, will be included in the second wave.

NHP is forming a new company with turnaround specialists Court Cavendish to run the homes itself.

Winding up

Southern Cross said it had entered unconditional business purchase agreements covering 70% of its homes, with the remaining 30% still in progress.

It said all the homes would be transferred by the end of the year and the company would be wound up.

The company also announced the resignation of it chairman, Christopher Fisher, who stepped into the role in April to oversee the restructuring process.

"Now that the transfer of homes has commenced, I consider my role complete," Mr Fisher said.


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VIDEO: No guaranteed oil contract reward

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Aref Ali Nayed, Chief Operations Manager of Libya's Stabilisation Team, tells HARDtalk's Stephen Sackur that foreign support for the Libyan revolution should not be rewarded by oil contracts because support should have been motivated by humanity and not material gain.

You can watch the full interview on Wednesday 28 September at 03:30 GMT, 08:30 GMT, 15:30 GMT and 20:30 GMT. And on BBC News Channel at 0430 BST on Wednesday 28 September and 00:30 BST on Thursday 29 September.

Find out who is coming up on the programme by following us on Twitter.


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US bank hit after debit fee news

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30 September 2011 Last updated at 21:56 GMT Bank of America logo Bank of America will roll out the change from next year on a state-by-state basis Shares in Bank of America have fallen 2%, a day after it announced plans to charge debit card users $5 (£3.20) per month to pay for their purchases.

Bank of America, the largest US bank by deposits, said it would introduce the fee early in 2012.

The move comes ahead of a new rule that will limit how much lenders can bill retailers for customer debit card transactions.

The bank's debit card holders will still get free cash withdrawals.

The monthly charge will apply to users of Bank of America's basic bank accounts, and will be in addition to any service fees they already have to pay.

A number of smaller US banks, such as SunTrust, a regional lender based in Atlanta, have already introduced charges for debit card purchases.

So far only Citigroup has ruled out introducing the change.

'Changed economics'

Bank of America said the new fee would be rolled out on a state-by-state basis.

Continue reading the main story
Bank of America is trying to find new ways to pad their profits by sticking it to its customers”

End Quote Richard Durbin Domocrat Senator Its move comes as an amendment to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act goes into effect from 1 October.

The amendment, brought by Democrat Senator Richard Durbin, limits the fees that banks can charge retailers for processing debit card transactions to 21 cents.

This compares to the previous average of 44 cents, meaning a substantial fall in revenues for the banks.

A Bank of America spokeswoman said: "The economics of offering a debit card have changed."

Sen Durbin said Bank of America's move was "overt and unfair" and that he hoped its customers would "have the final say".

"Bank of America is trying to find new ways to pad their profits by sticking it to its customers," he said.


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VIDEO: Steve Jobs: Apple's driving force

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6 October 2011 Last updated at 03:56 GMT Help

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VIDEO: 'Tough times' for climate finance

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5 October 2011 Last updated at 01:10 GMT Help

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2011年10月30日星期日

UK house prices 'treading water'

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29 September 2011 Last updated at 06:03 GMT Estate agency Buyers and sellers are still thin on the ground House prices continued to "tread water" in September - rising by 0.1% compared with the previous month, the Nationwide said.

This left the average price of a home 0.3% lower than a year earlier, at £166,256, the building society said.

Prices for the three months to September compared with the previous quarter were unchanged.

Market turmoil as a result of the eurozone debt crisis had hit confidence among buyers, Nationwide said.

"Sentiment towards major purchases is depressed, as a result of weak labour market conditions and ongoing pressure on household budgets from above-target inflation," said Robert Gardner, Nationwide's chief economist.

The figures are based on Nationwide's lending data at post-survey approvals stage.

'Sluggish demand'

He predicted that property prices would remain fairly stable over the rest of 2011, although the outlook for the global economy had "darkened".

Continue reading the main story
Approval figures continue to look promising as consumers take advantage of the competitive mortgage rates ”

End Quote Adrian Coles, Building Societies Association The struggle for people to find new jobs has resulted in "sluggish demand" from potential buyers.

That, together with a gradual rise in the number of properties on the market, had led to the current market conditions.

Some of these issues are most acute in the north-east of England.

Data from the Land Registry on Wednesday showed that prices in the region had fallen by 7.8% in the year to August.

In Hartlepool, prices had dropped by 15.7% over the same period, leaving the average home worth £82,561.

David Sharpe, a sales negotiator at Dowen estate agents in the port town, said that times were difficult for sellers, especially if they were unwilling to drop their asking prices.

"We are telling people to be realistic. If the price is right then it will sell," he said.

Negative equity

Many of the properties coming onto the market in Hartlepool were the result of repossessions, he said. These included repossessed properties from landlords who had overstretched themselves.

Some of the rock armour stockpiled ready for installation Hartlepool's sea defences are being rebuilt, but the housing market remains weak

This meant there were some two-bedroom homes in need of some work that were on the market for £20,000.

However, at the other end of the market, Dowen had just sold an eight-bedroom period property at auction for £345,000.

Many properties were selling if prices were lowered, Mr Sharpe said, including one "extreme case" which recently sold at auction for £30,000 when it had originally been on the market for £80,000.

Dropping prices was not necessarily an option for some sellers though.

"Those who bought at the peak of the market may well have borrowed more than the property is now worth," he said.

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Pension talks yield 'no progress'

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6 October 2011 Last updated at 00:19 GMT Brendan Barber TUC secretary general Brendan Barber has said the sides are a long way apart Talks between ministers and union chief Brendan Barber over public sector pension reform have resulted in no progress, sources have told the BBC.

TUC chief Mr Barber met Cabinet Office minister Francis Maude for impromptu private talks at the Conservative conference in Manchester this week.

Unions are balloting members for strike action on 30 November over plans to increase contributions from employees.

The next round of face-to-face talks is due on 24 October in London.

A source close to Mr Barber said he used the impromptu meeting to again urge the government to "give a degree of confidence that they are serious about maintaining sustainable public service pensions in the future".

'Groundhog day'

Unions say the changes are unfair and financially unnecessary. Ministers insist that pension contributions must be increased to make schemes sustainable.

In recent weeks Mr Maude has described the talks as "like Groundhog Day", with no progress being made.

Both sides have previously insisted they are committed to resolving their differences through talks but the BBC understands the latest meeting again yielded little.

Mr Barber also met Chancellor George Osborne at a party during the conference, although it is unclear whether the issue of pensions was discussed.


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VIDEO: Citigroup under pressure from Asian regulators

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6 October 2011 Last updated at 04:12 GMT Help

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IBM now second biggest tech firm

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30 September 2011 Last updated at 09:23 GMT Continue reading the main story For the first time since 1996 IBM's market value has exceeded Microsoft's.

IBM's closing price on 29 September was $214bn (£137.4bn) while Microsoft's was a shade behind at $213.2bn (£136.8bn).

The values cap a sustained period in which IBM's share price has moved steadily upward as Microsoft's has generally been in decline.

The growth means IBM is now the second largest technology company by market value. Apple still holds the top slot with a value of $362bn (£232bn).

Since the beginning of 2011, IBM's share price has made steady gains and is now 22% higher than at the start of the year, according to Bloomberg figures. By contrast, Microsoft's value has dropped 8.8% over the same time period.

Analysts put the switch in the number two slot down to a decision IBM made in 2005 to sell off its PC business to Chinese manufacturer Lenovo to concentrate on software and services.

"IBM went beyond technology," Ted Schadler, a Forrester Research analyst told Bloomberg. "They were early to recognise that computing was moving way beyond these boxes on our desks."

By contrast much of Microsoft's revenue comes from sales of Windows and Office software used on PCs. Also, Microsoft is between releases of Windows which can mean a fallow period for its revenues.

Windows 7 was released in 2009 and Windows 8 is not expected to be released until late 2012 at the earliest.

Many have also claimed that the rise of the web, mobile computing and tablets spells the end of the PC era. In early August, Dr Mark Dean, one of the designers of the original IBM PC, declared that the centre of the computing world had shifted away from the humble desktop.


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Flat summer sales at Thomas Cook

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29 September 2011 Last updated at 07:34 GMT Thomas Cook sign Thomas Cook has issued three profit warnings over the past year in the face of tough trading conditions Thomas Cook has said bookings by its UK customers were "flat" during the summer holiday season, but that its full-year profits should be "broadly in line with market expectations".

In a trading statement, the travel company also said it was continuing to be affected by the political turmoil in the Middle East and North Africa.

It said this had particularly affected its French business.

However, its sales in northern Europe, including Germany, were up strongly.

Its summer bookings for this region - which also includes the Scandinavian countries - were 13% higher than a year earlier.

Bookings in France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Eastern Europe were down 1% from a year ago; and there was no change in the UK.

Boss departure

Thomas Cook's forward bookings for the 2011-12 winter season are currently mixed when compared with the same time last year.

They are down 7% in the UK, and 16% lower in France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Eastern Europe, but up 6% in Germany and Scandinavia.

Thomas Cook said it was continuing efforts to boost its profitability.

The company also said it would not be making any dividend payments. It is instead focusing on paying down its debts of around £900m.

Former chief executive Manny Fontenla-Novoa left in August, followed just over a week later by the head of its UK retail division, Ian Derbyshire.

They departed the company after it had issued its third profit warning in a year.

Thomas Cook is now continuing with a strategic review of the business.


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UBS set to make 'modest profit'

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4 October 2011 Last updated at 07:13 GMT Oswald Gruebel, chief executive of Swiss Bank UBS, in a file photo from February 2010 Oswald Gruebel UBS's former chief executive resigned over the rogue-trading loss. Swiss bank UBS said it will make a small profit in the third quarter despite losing $2.3bn (£1.5bn) through unauthorised trading.

When it first discovered the alleged fraud, it warned it might report a loss for the three months to the end of September.

But the bank has said in a statement: "UBS expects to report a modest net profit for the group."

Former UBS trader Kweku Adoboli is accused of fraud and false accounting.

The 31-year-old City of London-based trader was remanded in custody until 20 October.

The bank said it now expected a small profit even after taking into account losses from the incident, as well as 400m francs ($435m, £270m) worth of restructuring charges linked to its cost-cutting programme.

But the bank said that its strength buffer - the so-called Tier 1 capital ratio - was expected to be slightly down on the second quarter because of the losses due to the trade.

The former chief executive of Swiss bank UBS Oswald Gruebel resigned over the rogue-trading loss.

The bank is also undergoing a major shake-up which will see it shrink its investment banking division to reduce its risks.


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VIDEO: Markets hit by 'toxic cocktail'

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30 September 2011 Last updated at 19:05 GMT Help

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2011年10月29日星期六

Wall Street protesters released

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2 October 2011 Last updated at 15:57 GMT Protester Michael Pellagatti, New York, 2 October Protester Michael Pellagatti holds up the plastic handcuffs used to restrain him and the court summons he was issued Police in New York City have freed most of the more than 700 people arrested on Brooklyn Bridge on Saturday during a protest against corporate greed.

Fewer than 20 protesters are still held as they are yet to be identified.

Most of those freed were given citations for disorderly conduct and a criminal court summons.

The Occupy Wall Street group, camped in Manhattan's financial district for two weeks, says it will continue its demonstrations.

A spokesman for the New York Police Department told the BBC the small group still detained were expected to appear at the Manhattan criminal court on Sunday.

'Multiple warnings'

The arrests took place on Saturday after protesters carried out an impromptu walk over the East River to Brooklyn.

Some demonstrators carried slogans reading "End the Fed" and "Pepper spray Goldman Sachs".

Police said the protesters were given "multiple warnings" to keep to the pedestrian walkway but spread to the road, halting bridge traffic for several hours.

Some protesters accused the police of not issuing warnings or of tricking them on to the roadway, accusations the police denied.

Demonstrator Henry-James Ferry: "'The police moved in with orange mesh barricade". Saturday footage courtesy Robert Cammiso

Occupy Wall Street says it will continue its campaign, with meetings on Sunday in Zuccotti Park, the privately owned area of land not far from Wall Street that it has occupied since 17 September.

There will be another march on Wall Street on Wednesday afternoon.

"We are the majority. We are the 99%. And we will no longer be silent," the group said in a statement.

"We are using the revolutionary Arab Spring tactic to achieve our ends and encourage the use of non-violence to maximise the safety of all participants."

The protesters have had previous run-ins with New York's police.

On Friday, about 2,000 people marched under the Occupy Wall Street banner to New York's police headquarters to protest against arrests and police behaviour.

Some 80 people were arrested during a march on 25 September, mostly for disorderly conduct and blocking traffic, but one person was charged with assaulting a police officer.

A series of other small-scale protests have also sprung up in other US cities in sympathy with the aims of Occupy Wall Street.

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Sharp rise in eurozone inflation

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30 September 2011 Last updated at 11:18 GMT Continue reading the main story Last Updated at 03:49 GMT

Market indexCurrent valueTrendVariation% variationThe eurozone inflation rate increased to 3% in September, up from 2.5% in August, according to the first estimate from the EU statistics agency.

No breakdown was given, but Eurostat said its initial forecasts were usually "reliable".

Separate figures also released by Eurostat showed the eurozone unemployment rate unchanged at 10% in August from the previous month.

The number of people unemployed fell by 38,000 compared with July.

The unemployment rate in Spain, the highest in Europe, rose slightly to 21.2%, with youth unemployment hitting 46.2%.

However, the jobless rate for those under 25 in the eurozone as a whole fell slightly, to 20.4%.

Falling shares

Analysts, who had expected a small rise in inflation, pointed to technical changes in the way price rises are calculated as a contributory factor in the sharp increase.

Continue reading the main story image of Andrew Walker Andrew Walker Economics correspondent, BBC World Service

This rise in the inflation rate makes the situation even more complicated for the European Central Bank.

The ECB has been widely criticised for raising interest rates earlier this year, as several eurozone countries are struggling with government debt crises and economic growth that is either weak or completely stalled.

The ECB has an inflation target of close to but below 2%. So the increased rate of price rises will make the Bank even more cautious about making interest rate cuts.

In addition, some of the ideas being discussed for responding to the eurozone crisis involve a wider role for the European Central Bank which could be characterised as, in effect, "printing money". As this could be inflationary, the latest data on price rises underlines the potential risk of such a move.

"It's not a nice number, but I wouldn't panic that the high inflation which some have warned about for years is finally here," said Martin Van Vliet at ING.

"We will see inflation declining over the next months, staying above 2.5% but next year, with stable oil and food prices, we will fall to lower levels."

The European Central Bank target for inflation is 2%, and the bank raised interest rates in July from 1.25% to 1.5% in order to combat rising prices.

However, the continuing debt crisis makes further rate rises in the coming months unlikely, analysts say.

With confidence in the outlook for economic growth in the eurozone fragile, policymakers are unlikely to risk raising rates, they say.

Equally, however, sharply rising prices make a cut in interest rates less likely.

This put further downward pressure on markets that fell sharply in early trading.

Germany's Dax index was down 2.5%, with France's Cac 40 and the UK's FTSE 100 sliding about 1.5%.


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Greeks worry about ambitious privatisation plans

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4 October 2011 Last updated at 23:30 GMT Nigel Cassidy By Nigel Cassidy Business correspondent, BBC News, Athens Man filling in OPAP lottery form The Greek lottery OPAP will be sold as part of an ambitious privatisation programme Go into any of Greece's 5,000 OPAP lottery shops and there is one thing you definitely cannot bet on.

It is that the array of Greek state assets lined up for sale will fail to raise an agreed 50bn euros by 2015 to lighten the country's crushing international debts.

OPAP is on a long list of nearly 20 entities earmarked for full or partial sale, by order of the European Union (EU) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

They are the sell-offs Greece's European partners are now demanding should be stepped up, not least because efforts to raise revenue through tax receipts are still defeating the country.

But in spite of Greece's lofty plans, the BBC has found that only one solitary stake has actually been sold in recent months: a 10% stake in the mobile phone group OTE has been bought by Deutsche Telecom for 400m euros.

Consequently, the chances of Greece reaching its target of raising 5bn euros by the end of the year from asset sales look slim.

Fear and frustration

It is easy to see why the programme is being opposed every step of the way by most of the state's employees.

As protesters unfurl their banners in Syntagma Square, it is clear that they bracket all the mooted sell-offs with other unpalatable measures, such as austerity tax rises and job cuts.

Greek utility workers Greek utility workers are wary about plans to sell off the companies they work for

Staff fear that as public services - from power and water supply to transport and defence industries - are sold, it is inevitable that their pay and pensions will be drastically cut.

For their part, Greece's European partners are infuriated at the painfully slow progress in freeing up all these utilities.

Critics frequently suggest Greek privatisation is mired because the Pasok party in power has traditionally protected state workers, and is not pushing the measures through with enough vigour or conviction.

Much resistance

Whether or not this is true, there are several other reasons for the delays.

Some of these are apparent if you take a ride to the Athens suburb of Zografou.

(Bids for 49% of the railway OSE are welcome, by the way, but offers may not be forthcoming until losses of a billion euros a year have been stemmed.)

Eydap's chief executive Nikolaos Bardis Greece remains "the last Soviet bastion in Europe", says Eydap's chief executive Nikolaos Bardis

This is where you find the headquarters of Eydap, the well-respected water and sewage utility serving Athens, which employs 2,800 workers and has a good reputation for maintaining supplies of high-quality drinking water.

Eydap is supposed to be privatised next year, but the company says little has happened since it was put on the list.

Few workers are expected to lose their jobs after any sell-off, but bosses admit that pay, conditions and pensions may not be maintained at current levels.

Yet a huge union poster outside the front door shows a wad of euro notes, with a running tap emerging from them.

The message: Do not try to profit from our essential services.

'Soviet bastion'

There are two reasons why the sell-off process has been slow, according to Eydap's chief executive Nikolaos Bardis.

Bureaucratic delays have contributed, as have investors' concerns that the potential value of the company might fall, given the current financial climate.

"We can say that Greece remains the last Soviet bastion in Europe," Mr Bardis says.

"There is a lot of opposition to the process. Socially this is a completely new idea. People here are just not used to private investors controlling state-owned companies.

"It is also true that the (Eydap) capitalisation is low because the market is extremely distressed and [the sell-off] didn't happen much earlier when the capitalisation was larger."

Investors' concerns

Mr Bardis has recently returned from a visit to the City of London to drum up investor interest in his company.

MP Elena Panaritis MP Elena Panaritis says privatisation is slow because democracy in Greece is weak

One concern expressed there was that the Greek government was retaining the right to set water charges, a job that might be expected to fall to an independent regulator.

Potential buyers do not like the idea of political interference in consumer charges, which could easily have the effect of wiping out profits or investment spending plans, Mr Bardis observes.

"They are also concerned about the country's solvency and whether it will stay in the eurozone or be forced to re-adopt the drachma," he says.

"And they are making the assumption that the country will ask its lenders to take a 50% haircut on its loans," he adds, which means the lenders should expect only half their money to be repaid.

While investors are getting used to the idea, the same seems to be the case with the Greek people, who are gradually coming to realise that their country is broke.

"I do believe there is now a a silent majority in the society which is in favour of reform," says Nikos Koritasis, a principal at the Koultadis law firm that is deeply involved in the country's gas privatisation.

The company is working for a new Greek agency that has been set up expressly to run the sale of the country's assets, and Mr Koritasis insists people understand Greece has to try something new.

"There have been long delays, but there is now a new will to speed up the whole process," he says.

Speedy privatisation

One member of the Greek parliament who has a clearer perspective than most is Elena Panaritis.

She is a former World Bank executive, brought into the ruling Pasok party by Prime Minister George Papandreou to help oversee decisions and educate other politicians about the ways of the markets.

Following another long night of parliamentary debate, the country is making "superhuman" efforts to clear the way for the privatisations, yet it is taking time, she laments.

"We haven't been able to be as effective precisely because our bureaucracy is so bad," she reasons.

"Getting anything done is so complicated, with conflicting regulations and far too many people involved in taking decisions on each single asset.

"All this is taking longer than the 16 months we have to get it resolved. There really is the appetite to get the job done, but there are layers of steps and we get bogged down with the actual details."

It took the privatisation pioneer Britain well over a decade to free up and sell off its essential industries. Greece is expected to do much the same in a few months.

So it is no wonder that privatisation is a hard sell. It is another leap for this state-dominated island nation into what are seen as shark-infested commercial waters.


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Qatar forges new global role

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12 September 2011 Last updated at 23:02 GMT By Katy Watson Middle East business reporter, BBC News, Doha British Prime Minister David Cameron, French President Nicolas Sarkozy and Qatar's Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al Thani on 1 Saturday As President Nicolas Sarkozy greeted the world's leaders at the Libya meeting in Paris last month, one leader who emerged from his limousine was perhaps a little less well known than the others.

Qatar's Emir, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, then proceeded to stand alongside President Sarkozy and British Prime Minister David Cameron as the talks began.

The tiny Gulf state's bank rolling of the Libyan rebels has given its leader a front-row seat in international politics.

The Arab uprising is changing the political map of the region and Qatar is playing an important role in it.

Tiny population A picture of Qatar's emir on the exterior of a building in Benghazi A picture of Qatar's emir hangs on a building in the anti-Gaddafi stronghold of Benghazi

There are fewer than two million people living in Qatar. And of those, only about 250,000 are Qataris, the rest being foreign workers. But its vast gas reserves have made its people the richest on the planet.

At a time of unprecedented unrest and while traditional regional leaders like Egypt are dealing with their own problems, that wealth is being used to try to forge Qatar's new path as a regional political heavyweight.

But Qatar is not a democracy. Ruled by a monarchy, this may seem at odds with the political changes happening in the region, but some experts think it actually helps Qatar in making quicker decisions.

"We have the emir at the top, but he's generally well respected and he has a lot of genuine domestic legitimacy here," says David Roberts of the Royal United Services Institute think tank.

"It's quite conservative so there's some kind of societal deference."

Rebel TV

Qatar's support for the rebels has been widespread and was not just limited to funding the fighting on the ground.

It also provided money for projects such as Libya TV, a television station set up to counter the pro-Gaddafi propaganda machine.

Libya TV in Doha Libya TV is funded by the Qatari government as part of its support for Libyan rebels

It got off the ground in just five days - no dry runs or practices. Dozens of Libyan journalists and non-journalists alike were recruited and trained at lightning speed.

Among them is 26-year-old Yusra Tekbali. Born and brought up in the US, she returned to live in Tripoli in December. But when the violence started, her plans had to change.

A month ago she arrived in Doha to work for Libya TV as a blogger. And despite the shift in direction, she remains upbeat.

"I was lured to Libya by greater economic opportunities and also a connection with my roots," she says.

"But now, the opportunity for Libyans and young Libyans from abroad is going to grow at an amazing rate. And Qatar will have a role in that, of course."

Despite Qatar saying that its interests were solely about the welfare of the Libyan people, it is expected that Qatar's support for the rebels will pay off economically in time, too.

It has already helped to market oil for the rebels and that relationship is expected to continue.

And as the world's biggest exporter of liquefied natural gas - there may be potential to work with Libya on exploring its reserves.

'Arab renaissance' Continue reading the main story
This opens the door quite well for Qatar to take this leadership role and to play a role in the Arab renaissance in the 21st Century”

End Quote Ibrahim Sharqieh Brookings Doha Centre Qatar's role in the Libyan conflict has boosted its profile. And that, according to some experts, is exactly what Qatar wanted. It is a Gulf state trying to stand out from the crowd.

"These are brand new countries, dating back to the 1970s," says Mehran Kamrava, the director of the Centre for International and Regional Studies at Georgetown University in Qatar.

"They're frantically trying to play catch-up, frantically trying to make a global presence felt.

"[They are] competing with countries like Egypt with centuries of history, competing with countries like Saudi Arabia, competing with countries like Iran that has tremendous resources and a massive demography and geography."

This stance has been well received at home.

In a region used to foreign intervention, an Arab country taking the lead is seen as a welcome step and one that provides both political security and economic stability too.

"This opens the door quite well for Qatar to take this leadership role and to play a role in the Arab renaissance in the 21st Century," says Ibrahim Sharqieh, deputy director of the Brookings Doha Centre.

"By having that active role in the international arena at this point and taking political leadership, Qatar is protecting its wealth and protecting its existence."


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Samsung forecast beats estimates

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7 October 2011 Last updated at 06:35 GMT Consumer looking at Samsung TVs Falling demand and prices of flat-screen TVs have hurt profits at various electronics makers Samsung Electronics has issued a better-than-expected profit forecast for the third quarter as its handset business helped to offset falling demand for TVs and computer chips.

Samsung said it expected an operating profit of 4.2tn won ($3.5bn; £2.3bn) a 14% dip from a year earlier, but better than market projections of 3.5tn won.

Compared with the previous quarter, the projected profit is up 12%.

Samsung is the world's second-largest maker of mobile phones.

"Its telecommunications business is seen very positive as shipments of smartphones and other high-end handsets expanded," said Park Jong-Min of ING Investment Management.

Advantage Samsung? Analysts said they expected Samsung's handset business to keep growing robustly, not least due to the Apple's decision to upgrade its existing model of iPhone4 with new features and technology, rather than launch a new version.

Apple had been expected to launch an iPhone5 at a media event held earlier this week.

"Given Apple's relatively unchanged new iPhone, Samsung will have the opportunity to eat into Apple's market share with its hardware build-up and growing software power until next year," said Jang In-Beom of Bookook Securities.

Samsung has also been growing its presence in the tablet PC market.

Last month the Korean electronics manufacturer announced that sales of the Samsung GALAXY S II had crossed the 10 million mark, doubling from five million in just eight weeks.

'Major risk'

Despite the optimism about the growth potential of its handset business, analysts said that external factors remain a big threat to the company in the short to medium-term.

There have been concerns that a slowdown in the US coupled with the ongoing debt crisis in Europe may hurt global growth and dent consumer demand.

"The macroeconomic situation will remain a major risk for Samsung in the fourth quarter," said Ahn Seong-Ho of Hanwha Securities.

At the same time, there are fears that volatility in the currency markets may also have a bearing on its earnings.

The Korean won has fallen as much as 10% against the US dollar since the start of July.

A weaker won makes Korean goods cheaper for foreign buyers.

"The weakening won may have inflated third-quarter profits," said Kim Young-Chan of Shinhan Investment Corp.

However, Mr Kim added the exchange rate remained a threat to Samsung as any recovery in the won would have a counter effect.


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VIDEO: China currency vote: US view

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3 October 2011 Last updated at 00:27 GMT Help

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2011年10月28日星期五

Shell Singapore in Force Majeure

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3 October 2011 Last updated at 04:09 GMT Fire at Shell refinery in Singapore The shutdown if the refinery has affected gas, oil and jet fuel production. Shell has declared a force majeure on some of its customers after a fire shut down its refinery in Singapore last week.

The fire affected its diesel fuel unit but forced Shell to shut its entire refinery, hurting its supplies.

The declaration of Force Majeure excuses a company from contractual agreements when an extraordinary event occurs which is beyond its control.

The refinery is Shell's biggest such operation globally.

"We confirm that Force Majeure has been declared on some of our customers," Lee Tzu Yang, chairman of Shell Singapore, said on the company's website.

"We continue to be in discussions with our customers to address their supply of product needs and to minimise any potential impact on them," he added.

The refinery has a capacity of 500,000 barrels a day.


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Could impact investing help India's poor?

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29 September 2011 Last updated at 08:34 GMT By Shilpa Kannan BBC News, Delhi People sorting plastic bags Virender wants to grow his business of recycling plastic Sorting out plastic bags collected from rubbish tips is a serious business for Virender Kumar.

Sitting on a pile of plastic bags, he is busy giving directions to the labourers he employs to help him with the recycling.

Once the bags are sorted, he sells them to recycling units to be melted down into plastic pellets.

He makes about 20,000 rupees ($410; £262) profit every month. But he has bigger ambitions that need funding.

He says that by working overtime, he saved money to start the recycling unit. But now he wants to hire more people and expand the business.

"But everything needs money," he says. "Banks don't lend to people like me."

India's growing middle class has been a target for many companies, but now another segment of society is increasingly becoming a focus for investors - people living below the poverty line.

But can businesses make a profit and also serve a social purpose?

Loan controversy

People like Mr Kumar are now being wooed by financial institutions such as the Shriram Group.

While millions of people across India have little or no access to formal finance, investment funds which want to make a social impact are lending a helping hand.

These funds invest in people and sectors that traditional banks ignore. It is called "profit with a purpose".

But they are using insurance as a means of helping small businesses rather than loans.

Microfinance, or giving small loans to low-income borrowers, has received a lot of bad press in India recently.

The sector was booming until a spate of suicides by borrowers in the southern state of Andhra Pradesh led to the authorities tightening regulations.

At its peak, the microfinance sector saw almost $7bn in loans distributed to 30 million borrowers, and Andhra Pradesh accounted for a third of the total business.

As a result of the new laws, debt repayments fell drastically and the entire sector is now facing a massive consolidation, and many lenders have been forced to shut up shop.

Microinsurance is different from microfinance as this provides a safety net to prevent people from falling back into poverty.

The International Labour Organisation describes microinsurance as a mechanism to protect poor people against risk (accident, illness, death in the family, natural disasters etc) in exchange for insurance premium payments tailored to their needs, income and level of risk.

If a person earns $5 a day, making $150 a month, and a typical insurance product is under $4 a month, that person is able to, with that very limited amount of capital, free their family up substantially.

Having that extra protection means that instead of sending the children to work to save for a rainy day, they can send them to school.

Capital injection

Leapfrog is a $135m US-based impact investment fund that was set up to invest in companies that underwrite or distribute insurance.

The fund is backed by billionaire George Soros and e-bay founder Pierre Omidyar, as well as a consortium of banks, pension funds and reinsurers.

Leapfrog says that it is a big myth that because people have low incomes they are unable to pay for meaningful products.

"We are looking at the next billion consumers," said Andrew Kuper, co-founder of Leapfrog.

"The consumers who are rising out of poverty and into the middle-classes… aspiring, seeking to acquire financial services and other services that allow them to go on their journey in a more effective way."

He thinks businesses that serve that segment are going to have a massive competitive advantage.

Continue reading the main story Andrew Kuper
The ability with a very small percent of your income to totally reshape your microeconomic picture is a huge opportunity”

End Quote Andrew Kuper co-founder, Leapfrog "The ability with a very small percent of your income - less than 4% - to totally reshape your microeconomic picture and the daily choices that you and your family make is a huge opportunity.

"What isn't happening is companies getting to grips with the notion that you can serve that population, and we find that it is a very narrow slice of companies. Fortunately we are engaging with them."

More than 85% of Shriram Group's customers are first-time buyers of any financial product. It is the first provider to more than 98% of its customers. The group hopes that the capital injection from Leapfrog will benefit 10 million people in India.

G S Sundararajan, managing director of Shriram Capital, says his company is targeting people with an average annual income of $2,500.

"We already offer financing and investment services to the lower-income masses across India. Now, we plan to increase it even further. We'll be using Leapfrog's expertise to design new insurance products that are more effective for our existing consumers."

Huge potential

Microinsurance is not a new concept in India. The country was one of the first to introduce microinsurance regulation.

The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) made it mandatory for all formal insurance companies to extend their activities to rural and social sectors as early as 2002.

But microinsurance companies face a huge challenge in connecting with customers. Many companies have been trying creative ideas - for example, the Shriram group is using its transport finance wing to connect with truck drivers and sell products to them.

India's biggest fertiliser company, IFFCO, provides free insurance cover to farmers along with each bag of fertiliser purchased. It has a joint venture with Tokio Marine and Nichido Fire Group, the largest listed insurance group in Japan.

It also provides a cattle insurance policy that covers the death of the animal due to accident, disease, surgical operations, strike, riots and even acts of terrorism or an earthquake.

Virender Kumar's truck A loan increased Virender's profits by 50%, by helping to pay for a new truck

The potential is huge. A study by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 2007 reported that up to 90% of the Indian population, or 950 million people, were excluded from the insurance market and represented a powerful "missing market".

But the private sector is risk-averse when it comes to investing in such people.

And just government resources and charitable donations cannot address the enormous social problems the country faces. Impact investments offer an alternative.

Reducing poverty

Recognising this growing segment, the biggest newspaper in the country, The Times of India, in association with J P Morgan, has announced awards for social impact.

Rahul Kansal is the organiser of the awards and he says that there are opportunities beyond just microinsurance for social impact in the country.

He says that large scale private capital can be channelled to public works.

"Increasingly we are seeing that in a country like India, there are avenues like healthcare, education, civic areas like waste management which need attention."

"The government cannot cope with the size of the problem. This is where organisations both for profit and non-profit can step in."

He thinks this large-scale neglect and need could be the next big investment opportunity.

A loan helped finance a new truck for Virender Kumar, increasing his profits by more than 50%. But he has also got life insurance and accident cover that came bundled with his truck financing, to protect his family.

It is people like him that are benefiting most by impact investments. Reducing poverty requires not just the generation of income among the poor, but also the protection of these incomes.

They are people who are making the transition from the informal to the formal economy - and bringing financial products to them gives them a chance to be included in the country's rapidly growing economy.


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German factory data disappoints

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6 October 2011 Last updated event A worker assembles VW's Golf at its Wolfsburg plant at 11: 29 GMT 16-Volkswagen in its release of detailed investment plan yet, despite economic concerns German factories recorded a 0.9% drop in industrial orders over the month of August, according to government data.

It is the second month in a row that demand has weakened, casting further gloom over the prospects for Europe ' s value economy.

Economists had expected no change after July's 2.6% fall.

The German economy support blamed "special factors". It said the decline was driven by a fall in domestic demand during the summer holidays.

Orders from maintains rose by 0.1% over the month.

Eurozone debt and NGO

Surveys suggest button Pack German business confidence is waning. The closely watched Ifo business climate index hit its lowest level for more than a year in 203.

Analysts say a lack of "clarity" about how the eurozone debt and NGO will be resolved is making consumers and companies cautious about spending.

"These numbers are too volatile to draw any firm conclusions." said Berenberg bank's chief economist, Holger Schmieding.

"But of course the significant fall in orders in August, following the drop in July, could be a first sign that demand is weakening."


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Senate currency bill 'dangerous'

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5 October 2011 Last updated at 05:12 GMT John Boehner with colleagues behind him House Speaker Boehner has said taking action against China's currency peg is beyond the scope of Congress A top US Republican has criticised a Senate bill that could penalise China for alleged currency undervaluation.

The Senate voted on Monday by 79-19 to debate legislation that could make it easier to impose penalties against US trade partners.

House of Representatives Speaker John Boehner said it was "pretty dangerous" for Congress to tell other countries how to run their monetary policy.

Beijing said it "firmly opposed" the measure.

The bill would give the US government the power to add tariffs to goods imported from countries deemed to be undervaluing their currencies to boost exports.

The proposed law does not mention China by name, but many US politicians accused China of subsidising exports by holding down the value of the yuan, costing US jobs.

'Unfair trade practices'

Analysts expressed concern that the bill could damage relations with China, which is the biggest holder of US debt, at a time when the American economy is still fragile.

Continue reading the main story Use the dropdown for easy-to-understand explanations of key financial terms:AAA-rating GO The best credit rating that can be given to a borrower's debts, indicating that the risk of borrowing defaulting is miniscule.And Mr Boehner said: "This is well beyond what Congress ought to be doing, and while I've got concerns about how the Chinese have dealt with their currency, I'm not sure this is the way to fix it."

But he came under attack from Democrats over his opposition to the Senate bill, which has bipartisan support in Congress.

"For some inexplicable reason, the Republican leadership in the House is siding with the Chinese government. This is not the time to go soft on Beijing," said Democratic Senator Charles Schumer.

Democratic Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid meanwhile said: "We can't ignore blatant, unfair trade practices that put American workers at a disadvantage."

At the same time, Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke said that China's yuan policy hindered a more balanced growth path.

Unhappy China

Beijing has expressed "regret" over the measure. Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Ma Zhaoxu said it "seriously interferes with Sino-US trade ties".

"The yuan exchange rate is not the main reason for the Sino-US trade imbalance," said the Chinese central bank, the People's Bank of China.

Analysts have argued that the Chinese currency could be undervalued by as much as 20-40% in relation to the US dollar.

The effect of such a policy would make Chinese goods cheaper in the US, and US goods more expensive in China.

White House spokesman Jay Carney said the Obama administration was still reviewing the currency bill.

The Senate could vote on the bill later in the week.


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Germany approves EU bailout fund

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29 September 2011 Last updated at 16:40 GMT German Chancellor Angela Merkel (c) smiles surrounded by MPs holding their ballots on September 29, 2011 at the lower house of German parliament Chancellor Merkel achieved her majority after intense lobbying Germany's parliament has voted by a large majority in favour of supporting a more powerful fund to bail-out troubled Eurozone economies.

Chancellor Angela Merkel received strong support despite criticism of the plan from some of her ruling coalition.

Many Germans are against committing more money to prop up struggling eurozone members such as Greece.

There are protests in Athens where international inspectors have held talks on further bailout funds.

The measure is expected to pass in Germany's upper house of parliament, where it will be put to a vote on Friday.

In the Bundestag, 523 deputies approved the bill to support the expansion of the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) - 85 voted against and three abstained in the 620-seat chamber. Nine members were not present.

Dissidents

Some members of Mrs Merkel's coalition had vowed to vote against the bill.

But in the end, 315 deputies voted in favour, meaning that Mrs Merkel did not have to rely on opposition support to get the measure passed.

The outcome of the vote was not in question, however, as the main opposition parties, the SPD and the Greens, indicated they would support the expansion of the fund.

Before the vote, there was intense lobbying by Mrs Merkel's Christian Democrats (CDU) and their coalition allies to pressure the handful of dissidents to get in line.

Continue reading the main story image of Stephen Evans Stephen Evans BBC News, Berlin

Chancellor Merkel got her majority more easily than she might have expected. Fifteen members from parties in her coalition government voted against her, not enough to make her have to rely on the opposition.

The main opposition party, the Social Democrats, supported the government.

As one of its MPs put it in the debate: "We will vote with you because Europe needs this vote. Don't rely on us next time."

In the end, 523 MPs voted with the government and 85 against, including the left group.

Chancellor Merkel emerges not quite unscathed but not as a dramatically weakened leader either.

A reliance on this support would have cast into doubt her ability to get forthcoming votes on both a further bailout for Greece and a permanent successor to the EFSF through the Bundestag.

"The broad majority in parliament clearly shows Germany is committed to the euro and to protecting our currency," said Hermann Groehe, the number two in Ms Merkel's Christian Democrats (CDU) party.

But Frank Schaeffler of the Free Democrats party - a junior coalition member - argued that bailout measures have made Greece's economic situation deteriorate.

"Despite all arguments, the first bailout did not make the situation for Greece better, but worse," Mr Schaeffler said, according to the AP news agency.

"Expanding the fund will make the situation even worse."

Athens blockade

All 17 countries that use the euro must ratify the commitment made in July to expand the powers of the EFSF and boost its bailout guarantees from 440bn euros (£383bn) to 780bn euros.

So far, 10 have approved the measure.

As Europe's largest economy, Germany's commitment to the fund would rise from 123bn euros to 211bn.

That bigger fund is already being dismissed as inadequate in the light of the worsening Greek crisis and the threat of it spreading to other economies.

The former President of European Commission Romano Prodi said the German public will come round to supporting the deal

Inspectors from the "troika" of international creditors supporting Greece - the European Commission, the European Central Bank (ECB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) - returned to Athens on Thursday to decide if the government has done enough to warrant another 8bn euros (£6.9bn) of loans.

"The climate was positive and creative after the tough measures that were decided," Greece's finance ministry said in a statement.

Public workers blocked entrances to a number of ministries in Athens, protesting against the deep austerity measures the government has imposed as a condition of the bailout.

"Take your bailout and leave," shouted protesters outside the finance ministry, Reuters news agency reported. They said they wanted to prevent Finance Minister Evangelos Venizelos from meeting the troika officials.

Taxi drivers, hospital workers and other public sector staff were also due to strike on Thursday, angered by the announcement of new austerity measures including pension cuts and a new property tax.

Without the new loans - laid out under the terms of a bailout agreed last year - Greece will soon run out of money.

New taxes have been approved and deeper spending cuts have been promised, but some decisions have been delayed and privatisation is running behind schedule says the BBC's Chris Morris in Athens.

Many people believe that austerity measures are pushing Greece's crippled economy deeper into recession and strangling any chance of growth.


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AUDIO: Greek government 'must stop fooling around'

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A senior German politician in Angela Merkel's coalition has said that Greece should leave the euro.

Former Greek finance minister, Stefanos Manos tells us why the Greek government should get tougher ahead of today's meeting of Europe's finance ministers.

Get in touch with Today via email , Twitter or Facebook or text us on 84844.


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2011年10月27日星期四

Kodak denies any bankruptcy plans

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2 October 2011 Last updated at 10:09 GMT Kodak billboard Time Square Kodak is one of the best-known and most iconic brands in photography Eastman Kodak has said it has "no intention of filing for bankruptcy".

The struggling US camera and printing group's comments came after it confirmed it had hired a law firm well-known for handling bankruptcy protection cases, Jones Day.

Kodak said it was "not unusual for a company in transformation to explore all options".

Shares in the firm fell 54% on Friday as fears persist about its future. It has not made a profit since 2007.

Kodak, synonymous with film photography for more than 100 years, has struggled to adapt to the digital age.

Last week it announced plans to borrow $160m (£103m) for "general corporate purposes".

Kodak is now continuing to explore a sale of its digital imaging patents, worth an estimated $2bn.

Mark Kaufman, an analyst at Rafferty Capital Markets, said: "I don't believe bankruptcy is inevitable.

"This is a pretty valuable portfolio, they should get a good price.

"They need to get this [sale] out of the way. They need to sell this portfolio, raise some type of cash."

The company currently has a market value of $210m. This compares with $31bn at its height in February 1997.


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VIDEO: Business Lessons from Minnesota

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30 September 2011 Last updated at 11:01 GMT Help

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VIDEO: Eurozone troubles worry Australia

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4 October 2011 Last updated at 01:21 GMT Help

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UK's AAA rating confirmed by S&P

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3 October 2011 Last updated at 13:23 GMT George Osborne The news from S&P is likely to be welcomed by Chancellor George Osborne Ratings agency Standard & Poor's has confirmed the UK's AAA credit rating.

S&P said that despite sluggish growth, the UK's "diversified" economy and "flexible" fiscal and monetary policy would enable it to weather a slowdown.

The news will be welcomed by Chancellor George Osborne, who on Monday told the Conservative Party conference that he would not change economic course.

S&P said its AAA rating could be re-evaluated if the government weakened its resolve to reduce public debt.

An AAA rating is the highest possible. Any downgrade would raise Britain's borrowing costs, and also provide ammunition for the coalition government's opponents.

'Lacklustre' Continue reading the main story
The official assumption that the private sector will quickly step in to replace the withdrawal of public spending may prove optimistic, especially given weakening external demand”

End Quote S&P In an announcement, S&P said it had "affirmed its AAA long-term and A-1+ short-term sovereign credit ratings on the UK. The outlook remains stable."

It said the decision reflected the country's "wealthy and diversified economy, fiscal and monetary policy flexibility, and relatively adaptable product and labour markets".

S&P added: "In addition, we view the UK as having deep capital markets with strong demand for long-dated gilts by domestic institutional investors.

"There is also demand from non-residents for sterling-denominated UK government debt, which provides some diversification to the UK's investor base."

The agency said, however, that the UK's recovery has been "lacklustre".

It added: "The official assumption that the private sector will quickly step in to replace the withdrawal of public spending may prove optimistic, especially given weakening external demand."

The decision to hold the UK's rating comes just over a month after S&P shocked the markets with its first ever downgrade of US debt, cutting it from AAA to AA plus.


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Banks rally on rescue deal hopes

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26 September 2011 Last updated at 20:21 GMT Continue reading the main story Last Updated at 17:44 GMT

Market indexCurrent valueTrendVariation% variationEuropean bank shares have risen as investors react to the latest attempts to stabilise the eurozone debt crisis.

A number of measures are being discussed according to reports from the weekend's international meeting in Washington.

They are expected to involve a 50% write-down of Greece's massive government debt, the BBC's business editor Robert Peston says.

French and German bank shares were up 10% at one stage in Monday trading.

European governments hope to have measures agreed in five to six weeks, in time for a meeting of the leaders of the G20 group in Cannes at the beginning of November.

But EU officials in Brussels stress that they should not be seen as "a single grand plan", the BBC's correspondent Chris Morris says.

The measures being discussed are:

Institutions that have lent money to Athens writing off about 50% of the money they are owedThe size of the eurozone bailout fund, the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF), increasing dramatically to 2 trillion euros (£1.7tn; $2.7tn)Strengthening big European banks that could be hit by any defaults on national debt obligations.

However, on Monday evening AFP reported that German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schaeuble had told television news channel NTV that there was no plan to boost the size of the EFSF.

"We are giving it the tools so it can work if necessary," Mr Schaeuble was reported as saying.

"Then we will use it effectively but we do not have the intention of boosting its volume."

Pan-Europe gains

Uncertainty over how to tackle Greece's problems has led to some European bank shares losing half their value in recent months due to concerns about their holdings of Greek debt.

But on Monday, French banks, which are particularly exposed to Greece, rallied, with BNP Paribas and Societe Generale up 4% and 5.4% respectively, and Credit Agricole up 3.7%.

Continue reading the main story
Unless the banks are fixed, there will remain too big a risk that a financial crisis could turn the current global economic slowdown into something more akin to depression than recession”

End Quote image of Robert Peston Robert Peston Business editor, BBC News Germany's big banks were also up sharply. Allianz was up 10%, Deutsche Bank 8% and Commerzbank 7.7%. In the UK, Barclays rose 6.8% and RBS 3.3%.

The Frankfurt was up about 3% at close, and in Paris by about 2%. The UK's main index, the FTSE 100, was virtually unchanged.

US shares closed higher, with the Dow ahead by 2.5%, the S&P 500 by 2.3%, and the Nasdaq by 1.4%.

However, commodity prices were lower on remaining concerns that the eurozone crisis could affect the global economy.

Philip Tyson of brokerage MF Global told the BBC that the proposed bailout fund had to be at least 2tn euros.

He said: "Markets need confidence that the fund has the firepower to deal with the likes of Italy and Spain should contagion risks spread.

"It does need to happen, but there are big question marks about the detail, and exactly how it will happen. Time is running out."

Ben Critchley, a sales trader at spread betting group IG Index, said: "For now at least, it looks as if markets are giving some credence to a firm plan on how to tackle the debt crisis beginning to emerge.

"But if recent experience is anything to go by, this patience is unlikely to last too long if details are not forthcoming."

Key elements

The reports about the rescue proposals emerged from the annual meeting of the IMF in the US capital last week, attended by finance ministers from the G20 group of countries.

The package is expected to involve a quadrupling - from the current projected level of 440bn euros - in the firepower of the eurozone's main bailout fund, the EFSF.

Continue reading the main story
The problem, they said privately, was that ministers couldn't talk openly about a new solution to the crisis when the old one had not even been passed by national parliaments. This was a particular issue, naturally, for Germany.”

End Quote image of Stephanie Flanders Stephanie Flanders Economics editor, BBC News It is not entirely clear how any expansion of the facility would be managed, but one suggestion is for the EFSF to guarantee the first part of any losses creditors sustain from a government defaulting on its debts, with the European Central Bank (ECB) providing an additional 1.5tn euros of loans.

The EFSF would take on the main risk of lending to governments struggling to borrow from normal commercial sources - governments like Italy.

It is also thought that private investors in Greek debt are likely to have to accept a 50% reduction in what they are owed, our editor says.

Eurozone leaders agreed a plan in July, which has yet to be ratified, that provided for a reduction in Greece's repayments to banks of about 20%.

European officials in Brussels stressed that their current focus was on getting measures, including changes to the EFSF, agreed back in July ratified by 17 national parliaments within the eurozone.

It was proving a difficult task, the BBC's Chris Morris says, to get these less far-reaching changes passed, with Germany one of three assemblies to vote this week.

The third element of the rescue plan envisages a strengthening of big eurozone banks, which are perceived to have too little capital to absorb losses.

'Critical days'

Commodity prices remained under pressure, pulled between relief that a eurozone deal could be nearer and worries that the global economy faces a downturn.

Continue reading the main story Oil prices fell sharply in early trading, but recovered with Brent crude up 60 cents at $104.57 a barrel and US light, sweet crude up 55 cents to $80.40 a barrel.

The stronger dollar, which rose around 0.2% against a basket of currencies, also weighed on oil prices as it makes dollar-denominated assets more expensive.

Gold fell 3.2% to $1,603.95 an ounce, continuing recent declines from record highs. Copper, which has already fallen, was down another 4%.

Senior commodities analysts Edward Meir, at brokers MF Global, said: "These are very critical days and weeks ahead, reminiscent very much of the touch-and-go situation we were in back in 2008.

"The key difference this time around is that it is countries and not companies that are in danger of going bust."


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Greeks on strike over austerity

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5 October 2011 Last updated at 17:59 GMT A protester explains why she is against the austerity measures in Greece

Dozens of stone-throwing youths have clashed with police in Athens as public sector workers went out on strike in protest at Greece's austerity measures.

The 24-hour strike saw flights and ferry services cancelled, government offices and tourist sites closed, and hospitals working with reduced staff.

Many strikers expressed frustration and anger at the cuts.

The European Commission is discussing ways of propping up banks in Europe to protect them from the Greek crisis.

The general strike is the first since the Greek government announced an emergency property tax and the suspension of 30,000 public sector staff last month.

But despite these measures, the government has failed to cut its deficit to 7.5% of economic output (GDP) - a target it must meet if it is to receive the next instalment of bailout money from the EU.

Meanwhile, in its latest report on the European economy, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has warned that economic growth is in danger of petering out and a global recession in the coming year cannot be ruled out.

Global financial markets have been in turmoil over fears that Greece could default on its debt, most of which is held by European banks. In other developments:

On Tuesday, Moody's ratings agency slashed Italy's credit rating from Aa2 to A2, blaming an overall loss in confidence in eurozone governments.Despite the Italian downgrade, European markets rose sharply as trading opened on Wednesday.Belgium and France are working on plans to rescue the Franco-Belgian Dexia bank, which is exposed to Greek debt.German Chancellor Angela Merkel said again that Greece must remain a member of the eurozone.'Lives ruined'

The government says the stringent austerity measures cannot be avoided if the country is to reduce its deficit of 8.5%.

Continue reading the main story image of Mark Lowen Mark Lowen BBC News, Syntagma Square, Athens

It is a very noisy demonstration indeed here, certainly the biggest demonstration by Greece's public sector in several weeks. The country has ground to a halt.

All of these people are extremely angry at the austerity measures that the government is desperately trying to push through to qualify for the next instalment of its international bailout, in order to stave off bankruptcy and avoid defaulting on its debts.

The government says it is in a very difficult position, because it must pursue its austerity drive to meet its fiscal targets and reduce the budget deficit to avoid bankruptcy within the next few weeks.

But this wave of social unrest is growing by people who say the measures are deepening the recession, stagnating the economy and stunting Greece's growth.

But the measures are hugely unpopular and have led to a wave of strikes and protests.

Tens of thousands of people stayed away from work across Greece. In central Athens, at least 16,000 marched to Syntagma Square to join a demonstration outside parliament.

Although most of the protests were peaceful, police fired tear gas at small groups of demonstrators who were throwing stones.

About 10,000 people marched in the northern city of Thessaloniki.

Critics of the austerity drive say it is deepening the recession, stunting Greece's growth - the economy will shrink 5.5% this year - and stopping the country from being able to reduce its government debt itself.

Protesters also say they are unfairly bearing the burden of the country's debt.

"This is an opportunity for the Greek people, whether in the public or in the private sector, to fight this, to deny this logic that we must bow our heads all the time to save the country and show patriotism," said 37-year-old protester Dimitris Kizilis.

"We believe, as workers, that patriotism is to respond with actions."

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There are some European regulators and politicians who regard the downgrade of Italy and the woes of the Franco-Belgian bank Dexia as positive events (oh yes) ”

End Quote image of Robert Peston Robert Peston Business editor, BBC News Stathis Anestis, a spokesman for Greece's main union the GSEE, said the new measures were "just extending the unfair and barbaric policies which suck dry workers' rights and revenues, and push the economy deeper into recession and debt".

"With this strike, the government, the EU and the IMF will be forced to reconsider these disastrous policies," he told Reuters.

Greek civil servant and trade unionist Tiana Andreou told the BBC that people's lives had been ruined.

"We have decided that we're going to stop this."

Some militant civil servants are promising to sabotage the moves. On Tuesday, protesters again blocked the entrance to several government departments, including the finance and transport ministries.

The government says it has enough cash to pay pensions, salaries and bondholders until mid-November, having previously said it needed more money by mid-October to avoid a default.

Inspectors from the IMF, European Central Bank and European Commission - known collectively as the troika - have been in Greece this week to assess its financial situation.

But eurozone finance ministers have delayed a decision on handing over the money, after Greece said it would not meet this year's deficit-cutting plan.

The government admitted that the budget deficit will stand at 8.5% this year, rather than the 7.5% target.

On Wednesday, the IMF's European chief Antonio Borges said there was no rush for the second bailout, and that he was "confident negotiations will come to a positive conclusion".


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Trend in EU economic bucking of Estonia

October 6, 2011, last updated: 57 GMT by Charlotte Ashton, World View across Tallinn, Estonia to the Baltic Sea port Tallin Tallinn, Estonia-Skype, as well as other companies in emerging technologies now has the fastest economic growth in the European Union, so what does Estonia just when other countries are so many economic problems?

Ave Maria Ounapuu enjoys boom of Estonia.

Organic cosmetics company established JOIK four years ago to take its business to making candles.

She has received grants from the European Union for machinery and marketing help, but says the business agenda of the Government of Estonia helped too: "it was pretty easy.

"There was no problem with the regulations, even finding products to sell went smoothly enough.

"You can report your taxes online so you don't need to spend valuable time to forms and things. We don't have our growth to the Government, but they will not put any obstacles in our way. "

Currently, JOIK employs four people, was moved to a larger space. It has an annual turnover of 250,000 euros, on export to countries bordering the Baltic.

Eva-Maria Ounapuu, founder of JOIK cosmetics in Tallinn with her range of handmade organic productsAve Maria Ounapuu says the Government of Estonia has set up an independent business with ease

This is a similar story of Estonia as a whole, as the country has a long way since she joined the EU in 2004.

The initial flow of credit to the construction boom that led to high House, but the bubble burst in 2008, when the country found itself the economic doldrums, it had to smarten up their act.

Labour laws were liberalised, increased retirement age and public spending cut. But the tax remained low to encourage business; Entrepreneurs were fashionable.

Estonia GDP grew at 8.5% in the first quarter of this year, the fastest growth of all the EU economy. One of the biggest growth areas in it technology.

Candle making at JOIK cosmeticsEstonia exports mainly to the EU, but exports of its main markets, Finland, Sweden are distorted

Skype Online software used by people 200 m each month to make free or cheap video phone calls over the Internet, has its development, on the outskirts of Tallinn.

The software was invented in Tallinn of Dane, Swede and Estonians.

Stan Tankivi, head of Skype Estonia, says: "you can show the country of Estonia itself as a witness. It regained independence 20 years ago, the company generally or culture here has very little hierarchy.

"It is very small and nimble, that sort of environment is very positive for entrepreneurship".

In January, Estonia joined the euro. Stability of the currency result, along with those low corporate taxes (zero profits reinvested), this tiny nation of 1.3 m investment very attractive. Exports are soaring, up 53% last year. This summer came the euro 1bn for the first time.

But 70 percent of exports go to EU countries, growth is deteriorating steadily and its two main export markets, Finland and Sweden.

How is the economy of Estonia so fragile?

It is still a net recipient of EU money but its contribution to financial stability facility means that European companies is decreasingly profitable. Contribution of Euro 2bn represents one third of the annual budget.

"We were invited to a wedding but turned out to be a funeral," says Anders Arrak, Estonian who has entrepreneurial University apply.

Read on Andrus Ansip the Central story
of course we understand what the meaning of the credit crisis, but in Estonia is not a hot topic for us "
end quote Andrus Ansip Estonian Prime ??????"??? us a lot of money from the EU.

"We have already renovated churches and roads. But now we are being asked to pay money to improve the errors made in the past, Greece and the countries of the eurozone.

"It makes sense. We have to invest in the future of Estonia. "

But the Prime Minister of Estonia Andrus Ansip stay safer will continue its growth: "of course we all need to be concerned but our banking sector is doing well, our commercial banks are well capitalised and correspond to the reserves.

"The State the money are the best of all the European Union because we have still 12% GDP reserves.

"Yes, of course, we understand what the meaning of the credit crisis, but in Estonia is not a hot topic for us."

Mr Ansip thank him an erection activities explaining why Estonia, a poor cousin Mizrahi, fresh out of troubled times himself, bail out its richer southern cousins.

Museum Lounge, TallinDrinkers in the lounge of their obligation to contribute to the Museum say bailouts EU

But support for the European Union young Estonians soothes the unwavering with a glass of wine in one of the new trendy bars, lounge Tallinn Museum.

Memories of Soviet occupation, which ended just 20 years ago, are still fresh among the younger generation.

Ali is a teacher at the school who says it fully supports Estonia's contribution to the bailout.

"I don't even understand what the discussion. We already received money from the EU now is a good thing because ultimately we are in a position to help someone else. I think it's only fair. "

The Museum lounge Manager, ARGO, agrees. "An overview of Estonia in the West now, only the West," he says.

And Estonia are ready to pay the price.

The world tonight is broadcast weekdays on BBC Radio 4: 00 p.m. BST.


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2011年10月26日星期三

VIDEO: 'Too much euphoria' over Asian economy

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Asian nations face huge unresolved challenges - of poverty, poor governance and environmental degradation.

Stephen Sackur spoke to Rajat Nag, Managing Director General of the Asian Development Bank about inequality and governance in Asia, and asked whether there is too much optimism about Asian economy growth.

You can watch the full interview on Wednesday 5 October on BBC World News at 03:30 GMT, 08:30 GMT, 15:30 GMT and 20:30 GMT.

And on BBC News Channel at 04.30 BST on Wednesday repeated on Thursday 00.30 BST.

Find out who is coming up on the programme by following us on Twitter.


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Where are the Occupy Wall Street protests heading?

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3 October 2011 Last updated at 22:58 GMT Laura Trevelyan By Laura Trevelyan BBC News, New York Corporate Zombies at Wall Street protests Commentators are wondering if this movement could become a "Tea Party" for the left As a man known as Mercury puts the finishing touches to his corporate zombie make up, he explains why he's joined the anti-capitalist protests here in the shadow of Wall Street.

"We are inspired by the Arab Spring. Americans have rights but they're too often apathetic."

Welcome to Zuccotti Park, where the leaderless protest is now entering its third week.

Sophie is here to protest about the execution of a Georgia man, Troy Davis.

Will Estrella believes this is his generation's revolution.

And Brian Phillips, a marine turned housing community official, wants to see the Federal Reserve abolished.

The protesters aren't unified in their motivations or their demands, but they're tapping into discontent about inequalities in an America still struggling after one recession and fearful about entering a second.

'We're the 99%'

Brian Phillips, who wears his marine dog tags round his neck, says he has been lied to all his life by officialdom and he's had enough.

Protester near Wall Street in New York. The protesters want a change in political and economic culture

That's what made him leave Washington state and his job at a low-income housing unit to come here.

Now Brian is efficiently dealing with media requests.

I tell him that I want to speak to one of the 700 arrested on Brooklyn Bridge on Sunday.

"Arrested Sunday!" calls Brian. Two young men step forward for me to interview.

That's how we communicate, Brian explains, with marine-like efficiency, as to his left a group start the day with yoga.

Police officers stand at the edges of the protesters' encampment, and today at least relations seem cordial enough.

But on Saturday the demonstrators say the police ushered them on to a roadway section of the Brooklyn Bridge rather than the pedestrianised walkway, fenced them in and then arrested them for disorderly conduct.

The NYPD says this isn't correct, and has released a video of the police telling the protesters not to go on the roadway section of the bridge.

Freelance photographer Will Estrella says the police clearly guided him and others on to the bit of the bridge they weren't meant to be on.

The NYPD's tactics for policing this protest have been called into question after a high ranking officer was seen on a YouTube video using pepper spray on demonstrators the weekend before last.

Will Estrella wants this to be a peaceful protest, a theme echoed across Zuccotti Park.

Most of the protesters I saw camping out at Zuccotti Park were young - in their mid-20s. Many have gone from job to job since graduating.

They have known difficult economic times in young adulthood, and they don't like a system which to them seems to reward what they call the "1%" of society.

"We're the 99%", they say.

Their manifesto supports the people of the world against corporate greed, and calls for people to assert their power and create a process to address the problems we face.

In the centre of Zuccotti park, amid the sleeping bags, is the communal food area.

Ange, a 24-year-old redhead who does freelance art work in Manhattan, is helping organise the food for the protesters.

"I like communal decision making, something that comes from the bottom up," she explains. Ange isn't sure how long she'll be here, but she's pleased to be part of a grassroots movement.

Where will this lead? No-one knows. But the protesters say their enthusiasm won't fade with the autumn sunshine.

The question is whether this ad hoc group of protesters - who feel they're getting the short end of the stick while corporate America hoards money - could morph into a political movement, a kind of left wing Tea Party.

The city's unions are now starting to back the protesters, something they didn't at first, suggesting they see the potential here.

Jesse Cooper Levy, a bearded 24-year-old, hopes this movement will influence politics.

His particular concern is what he sees as the corrupting influence of corporate lobbyists on Washington DC.

"What do you want?" I ask the protesters. "Change", comes the answer - a change in political and economic culture.


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US nears South Korea free trade

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6 October 2011 Last updated at 03:19 GMT US President Barack Obama and South Korean President Lee Myung-bak The trade deal is expected to dominate President Lee Myung-bak's visit to the US later this month The free trade agreement between the US and South Korea has cleared the first hurdle four years after the deal was first agreed.

The House Ways and Means Committee has voted to advance US free-trade agreements with South Korea, Colombia and Panama to the full House.

The push for a swift approval of the deals comes amid a slowdown in the US economy and high rates of unemployment.

Backers of the deals said they will boost US exports and create jobs.

"With zero jobs created last month and the unemployment rate hovering around nine percent, we must look at all opportunities to create American jobs," said David Camp, chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee.

Tariff concerns

The deal with South Korea is the largest US trade pact since it signed the North American Free Trade Agreement in 1994.

According to some estimates, it is expected to increase US exports to the Asian economy by as much as $10bn (£6.5bn).

Though the deal was agreed in 2007, there had been concerns in the US over tariffs imposed by South Korea on the US carmakers.

The two sides finally managed to reach an agreement on the issue last year. South Korea said it would halve its tariff on US cars to 4% and lift it completely in four years.

At the same time, US said it would also lift its 2.5% tariff on Korean cars during that period.

South Korea had also agreed to allow the US to export up to 25,000 cars a year that do not meet its more stringent safety requirements.


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Crowds swell Wall Street protests

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1 October 2011 Last updated at 01:49 GMT Occupy Wall Street demonstrators in Zuccotti Park, New York The crowds in Zuccotti Park are frustrated at a lack of employment and opportunity in the US An estimated 2,000 people have gathered in Lower Manhattan, New York, for the largest protest yet under the banner Occupy Wall Street.

Demonstrators marched on New York's police headquarters to protest against arrests and police behaviour.

Several hundred people have camped out near Wall Street since 17 September as part of protests against corporate greed, politics, and inequality.

Earlier, UK band Radiohead were forced to deny rumours they would appear live.

A tweet sent out by a Twitter account linked to the protest movement set off a firestorm of online interest.

But a spokesman for the band later denied they were planning to appear, and the group themselves denied the rumour on Twitter.

"We wish the best of luck to the protesters there, but contrary to earlier rumours, we will not be appearing today at #occupywallstreet," @Radiohead tweeted.

Anger at police

The Occupy Wall Street movement has set up its base camp in Zucotti Park, a privately owned patch of land not far from Wall Street.

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We blame the banks. They were part of this, but so was Freddie Mac and Fanny Mae and Congress and you and me and everybody”

End Quote Michael Bloomberg Mayor of New York City Hundreds of people have camped out in the park since 17 September.

The loosely organised group says it is defending 99% of the US population against the wealthiest 1%, and had called for 20,000 people to "flood into lower Manhattan" on 17 September and remain there for "a few months".

Some 80 people were arrested during a march on 25 September, mostly for disorderly conduct and blocking traffic, but one person was charged with assaulting a police officer.

Friday's protest numbers were swelled by local trade unions and by those attracted to the area by the rumour of Radiohead's attendance.

New York's police have come in for criticism by the movement since video emerged of pepper sprays being used against demonstrators last weekend.

"NYPD protects billionaires and Wall Street," read one placard carried aloft on Friday, the AFP news agency reported, as crowds marched towards the city's police headquarters, where they rallied peacefully before dispersing.

Police line up against protesters outside One Police Plaza The stand-off at One Police Plaza passed off largely peacefully

New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg used his weekly appearance on a radio show to criticise the protesters, saying they were targeting the wrong people.

"The protesters are protesting against people who make $40,000 or $50,000 a year and are struggling to make ends meet. That's the bottom line," he said.

"We always tend to blame the wrong people. We blame the banks. They were part of this, but so was Freddie Mac and Fanny Mae and Congress and you and me and everybody."

A series of other small-scale protests have also sprung up in other US cities in sympathy with the aims of Occupy Wall Street.

The movement's website on Friday said a Boston movement had begun, with other reports online suggesting a sit-in was due to begin on Saturday in downtown Washington DC.


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